Asia
Asia kuwe bawana paling gedhe lan berpopulasi paling padet nang donya, wilayahé mencakup 8,6% permukaan Bumi lan meliputi 50 negara sing kesebar sekang daratan luas Asia Kecil, Timur Tengah, nganti Samudera Pasifik. Sekitar 60% populasi donya tinggal nang Asia.
bawana Asia lan Eropa merupakan bawana sing terhubung lewat darat lan keduanya membentuk suatu bawana raksasa sing kasebut Eurasia. Batas antara Asia lan Eropa sangat kabur sehingga beberapa negara seperti Turki kalang-kalang teyeng dilebokna maring Asia atawa maring Eropa. Beberapa bentang alam sing sering dinggo misahna kedua bawana tersebut yaiku Darlanella, Laut Marmara, Selat Bosporus, Laut Hitam, Pegunungan Kaukasus, Laut Kaspia, Sungai Ural (atau Sungai Emba), lan Pegunungan Ural nganti Novaya Zemlya. Seliyane iku, bawana Asia lan Afrika uga memiliki perbatasan darat sing ketemu nang sekitaré Terusan Suez.
Etimologi
suntingJeneng "Asia" mlebu maring basa Indonesia, melalui basa Belanda, sekang Yunani Kuno Ασία (Asia; deleng uga daftar jeneng jeneng tempat tradisional Yunani). jeneng iki pertama kali dicoba di Herodotus (taun 440 sebelum masehi), dimana mengacu pada Asia Kecil; atau, dengan maksud menggambarkan Perang Persia, kepada Kerajaan Persia sebagai musuh Yunani lan Mesir. Meski sebelum Herodotus, Homer mengetahui celah Troya berjeneng Asios, anak laki laki Hyrtacus, penguasa atas beberapa kota, lan dimana dia menggambarkan rawa rawa sebagai "ασιος" (ilias 2, 461). Istilah Yunani sing diturunkan sekang Assuwa, suatu konfiderasi negara negara nang Anatolia Barat pada abad ke 14 sebelum masehi. Hittite assu - "Bagus" kemungkinan adalah bagian sekang jeneng itu.
Seliyane iku, pokok asal usul kata sekang istilah itu kemungkinan sekang kata Akkadia (w)aṣû(m), sing masih kerabat kata Ibrani יצא, sing berarti "keluar" atau "naik", mengacu ke arah matahari pada saat fajar (matahari terbit) nang Timur Tengah, lan uga nampaknya berhubungan dengan kata Fenisia asa sing berarti timur. In kontras mungkin dengan asal usul kata sing diusulkan Eropah, sekang basa Arab lan Parsi erēbu "masuk" atau "terbenam" (bagi matahari). Meskipun begitu, asal usul pengharapan Mesoppotamia atau Timur Tengah tak akan menjelaskan bagaimana istilah "Asia" pertama datang sing dipadukan dengan Anatolia sebagai tinggal dibarat sekang basa daerah Arab Persia.
Pembagian wilayah
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Sebagaimana telah disebutkan, Asia dapat dianggap sebagai suatu bagian sekang bawana Eurasia sing lebih besar. Untuk pembagian berdasarkan istilah ini, deleng Eurasia Utara lan Eurasia Tengah.
Asia sendiri sering dibagi-bagi menjadi beberapa wilayah:
Tidak ada konsensus pasti tentang penggunaan istilah ini, namun biasanya mencakup
Istilah iki mencakup
- Kepulauan Samudra Pasifik Taiwan lan Jepang.
- Korea Utara lan Korea Selatan nang Semenanjung Korea.
- Republik Rakyat Cina.
Daerah iki mencakup Semenanjung Malaka, Indochina lan kepulauan-kepulauan nang Samudra Hindia lan Samudra Pasifik. Negara-negara sing termasuk daerah iki adalah:
- nang daratan Asia Tenggara: Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Kamboja lan Vietnam.
- nang Kepulauan Asia Tenggara: Malaysia, Filipina, Singapura, Indonesia, Brunei lan Timor-Leste.
Malaysia dibagi menjadi dua bagian oleh Laut China Selatan, lan daratan, daratan pertama nang Semenanjung Malaka, lan sing kedua ada nang Borneo. Dengan iki mempunyai bagian daratan lan bagian kepulauan
jeneng dua kepulauan Malaysia:
- Kepulauan Malaysia Timur terdapat pada Pulau Kalimantan. Terdiri sekang dua negara bagian Sabah lan Serawak.
- Kepulauan Malaysia Barat terdapat pada sebelah selatan Thailand.
Asia Selatan terdiri dari:
- Negara-negara Himalaya: India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan lan Bangladesh
- Negara-negara Samudera Hindia: Sri Lanka lan Maladewa.
- Julukan untuk negara India adalah : Anak bawana Asia, Asia muka.
Sering dipanggil dengan jeneng Timur Tengah meski istilah iki uga kalang digunakna untuk merujuk kepada negara-negara nang Afrika Utara. Asia Barat dapat dibagi lagi kepada:
- Negara pulau Siprus nang Laut Tengah.
- Levant atau Timur Dekat, sing termasuk Suriah, Yorlania, Lebanon lan Irak.
- Jazirah Arab, termasuk Arab Saudi, Uni Emirat Arab, Bahrain, Qatar, Oman, Yaman lan kalang uga Kuwait.
- Daerah Kaukasus, termasuk Azerbaijan lan Armenia.
- Hamparan Iran, sing terdiri sekang Iran lan bagian negara-negara lain.
Juga deleng Negara-negara Teluk untuk pengelompokan berbeda sing berisi beberapa negara-negara nang atas.
Kepadatan penduduk
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Berikut iki adalah daftar negara-negara lan wilayah menurut kepadatan penduduknya dalam jumlah penduduk/km2.
Berbeda dengan angka-angka dalam artikel negara-negara, angka-angka pada tabel iki didasarkan pada area sing mencakup perairan (lanau, reservoir, sungai) lan karenanya mungkin angkanya lebih kecil nang sini.
Seluruh Rusia, Mesir, lan Turki disebutkan nang dalam tabel ini, meskipun hanya sebagian sekang wilayah negara-negara itu berada nang Asia. Georgia, Armenia, lan Azerbaijan uga dicantumkan nang sini, meskipun negara-negara itu uga dapat dianggap sebagai bagian sekang Eropa.
Tepi Barat lan Jalur Gaza tidak dicantumkan secara terpisah, melainkan digabungkan sebagai bagian sekang wilayah Palestina.
| jeneng region lan territoral dengan bendera |
Luas (km²) |
Populasi (perkiraan 1 Juli 2008) |
Kepadatan Penduduk (per km²) |
Ibu kota |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Asia Tengah: | ||||
 Kazakhstan[1]
|
2,724,927 | 15,666,533 | 5.7 | Astana |
 Kirgizstan
|
198,500 | 5,356,869 | 24.3 | Bishkek |
 Tajikistan
|
143,100 | 7,211,884 | 47.0 | Dushanbe |
 Turkmenistan
|
488,100 | 5,179,573 | 9.6 | Ashgabat |
 Uzbekistan
|
447,400 | 28,268,441 | 57.1 | Tashkent |
| Asia Timur: | ||||
 Jepang
|
377,835 | 127,288,628 | 336.1 | Tokyo |
 Republik Cina[2]
|
35,980 | 22,920,946 | 626.7 | Taipei |
 Mongolia
|
1,565,000 | 2,996,082 | 1.7 | Ulan Bator |
 Cina[3]
|
9,584,492 | 1,322,044,605 | 134.0 | Beijing |
 Hong Kong[4]
|
1,092 | 7,903,334 | 6,688.0 | — |
 Makau[5]
|
25 | 460,823 | 18,473.3 | — |
 Korea Utara
|
120,540 | 23,479,095 | 184.4 | Pyongyang |
 Korea Selatan
|
98,480 | 49,232,844 | 490.7 | Seoul |
| Asia Utara: | ||||
 Rusia[6]
|
17,075,400 | 142,200,000 | 26.8 | Moscow |
| Asia Tenggara:[7] | ||||
 Brunei Darussalam
|
5,770 | 381,371 | 60.8 | Bandar Seri Begawan |
 Myanmar
|
678,500 | 47,758,224 | 62.3 | Naypyidaw[8] |
 Kamboja[9]
|
181,035 | 13,388,910 | 74 | Phnom Penh |
 Timor Leste[10]
|
15,007 | 1,108,777 | 63.5 | Dili |
 Indonesia[11]
|
1,419,588 | 237,512,355 | 159.9 | Jakarta |
 Laos
|
236,800 | 6,677,534 | 24.4 | Vientiane |
 Malaysia
|
329,847 | 27,780,000 | 84.2 | Kuala Lumpur |
 Filipina
|
300,000 | 92,681,453 | 281.8 | Manila |
 Singapura
|
704 | 4,608,167 | 6,369.0 | Singapura |
 Thailand
|
514,000 | 65,493,298 | 121.3 | Bangkok |
 Vietnam
|
331,690 | 86,116,559 | 246.1 | Hanoi |
| Asia Selatan: | ||||
 Afganistan
|
647,500 | 32,738,775 | 42.9 | Kabul |
 Bangladesh
|
144,000 | 153,546,901 | 926.2 | Dhaka |
 Bhutan
|
47,000 | 682,321 | 14.3 | Thimphu |
 India[12]
|
3,167,590 | 1,147,995,226 | 318.2 | New Delhi |
 Iran
|
1,648,195 | 65,875,223 | 42 | Tehran |
 Maladewa
|
300 | 379,174 | 1,067.2 | Malé |
 Nepal
|
140,800 | 29,519,114 | 183.8 | Kathmandu |
 Pakistan
|
803,940 | 167,762,049 | 183.7 | Islamabad |
 Sri Lanka
|
65,610 | 21,128,773 | 298.4 | Kolombo |
| Asia Barat: | ||||
 Armenia[13]
|
29,800 | 2,968,586 | 111.7 | Yerevan |
 Azerbaijan[14]
|
46,870 | 3,845,127 | 82.0 | Baku |
 Bahrain
|
665 | 718,306 | 987.1 | Manama |
 Siprus[15]
|
9,250 | 792,604 | 83.9 | Nicosia |
 Gaza[16]
|
363 | 1,537,269 | 3,315.7 | Gaza |
 Georgia[17]
|
20,460 | 4,630,841 | 99.3 | Tbilisi |
 Irak
|
437,072 | 28,221,181 | 54.9 | Baghdad |
 Israel
|
20,770 | 7,112,359 | 290.3 | Jerusalem[18] |
 Kuwait
|
17,820 | 2,596,561 | 118.5 | Kuwait City |
 Lebanon
|
10,452 | 3,971,941 | 353.6 | Beirut |
 Oman
|
212,460 | 3,311,640 | 12.8 | Muscat |
 Qatar
|
11,437 | 928,635 | 69.4 | Doha |
 Arab Saudi
|
1,960,582 | 23,513,330 | 12.0 | Riyadh |
 Suriah
|
185,180 | 19,747,586 | 92.6 | Damascus |
 Turki[19]
|
756,768 | 71,892,807 | 76.5 | Ankara |
 Uni Emirat Arab
|
82,880 | 4,621,399 | 29.5 | Abu Dhabi |
 Yaman
|
527,970 | 23,013,376 | 35.4 | Sanaá |
| Cithakan:Country data Yorlania | 92,300 | 6,198,677 | 57.5 | Amman |
| Total | 43,810,582 | 4,050,404,193 | 89.07 | |
Asia adalah regional atau bawana terluas lan terkenal, tergantung sekang apa batasannya. Secara tradisional batasannya adalah bagian sekang massa bawana sing terbentang sekang Afrika - Euraisa terletak ditimur Terusan Suez, pegunungan Ural lan selatan sekang Pegunungan Caucasus lan Laut Kaspi serta Laut Hitam. Sekitar 60% penduduk donya tinggal nang Asia, sing mana 2% diantaranya menempati bagian utara lan separo bagian pedalaman seperti (Siberia, Mongolia, Kazakhstan, Xinjiang, Tibet, Qinghai, bagian barat Uzbekistan lan Turkmenistan); sing 98% tinggal diseparo sisa lainnya.
Referensi
sunting- ↑ Kazakhstan is sometimes considered a transcontinental country in Central Asia and Eastern Europe; population and area figures are for Asian portion only.
- ↑ Figures are for the area under the de facto control of the Republic of China (ROC) government, commonly referred to as Taiwan. Claimed in whole by the PRC; see political status of Taiwan.
- ↑ The state "People's Republic of China" is commonly known as simply "China", which is subsumed by the eponymous entity and civilization (China). Figures given are for mainland China only, and do not include Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
- ↑ Hong Kong is a Special Administrative Region (SAR) of the People's Republic of China.
- ↑ Macau is a Special Administrative Region (SAR) of the People's Republic of China.
- ↑ Russia is considered a transcontinental country in Eastern Europe and Northern Asia; population and area figures are for the entire state.
- ↑ Excludes Christmas Island and Cocos (Keeling) Islands (Australian external territories in the Indian Ocean southwest of Indonesia).
- ↑ The administrative capital of Burma (Myanmar) was officially moved from Yangon (Rangoon) to a militarised greenfield just west of Pyinmana on 6 November 2005.
- ↑ General Population Census of Cambodia 2008 - Provisional population totals, National Institute of Statistics, Ministry of Planning, released 3rd September, 2008
- ↑ East Timor is often considered a transcontinental country in Southeastern Asia and Oceania.
- ↑ Indonesia is often considered a transcontinental country in Southeastern Asia and Oceania; figures do not include Irian Jaya and Maluku Islands, frequently reckoned in Oceania (Melanesia/Australasia).
- ↑ Includes Jammu and Kashmir, a contested territory among India, Pakistan, and the PRC.
- ↑ Armenia is sometimes considered a transcontinental country: physiographically in Western Asia, it has historical and sociopolitical connections with Europe.
- ↑ Azerbaijan is often considered a transcontinental country in Western Asia and Eastern Europe; population and area figures are for Asian portion only. Figures include Nakhchivan, an autonomous exclave of Azerbaijan bordered by Armenia, Iran, and Turkey.
- ↑ The island of Cyprus is sometimes considered a transcontinental territory: in the Eastern Basin of the Mediterranean Sea south of Turkey, it has historical and socio-political connections with Europe. However, the U.N. considers Cyprus to be in Western Asia, while the C.I.A. considers it to be in the Middle East.
- ↑ Gaza and West Bank, collectively referred to as the "Occupied Palestinian Territory" by the UN, are territories partially occupied by Israel but under de facto administration of the Palestinian National Authority.
- ↑ Georgia is often considered a transcontinental country in Western Asia and Eastern Europe; population and area figures are for Asian portion only.
- ↑ In 1980, Jerusalem was proclaimed Israel's united capital, following its annexation of Arab-dominant East Jerusalem during the 1967 Six-Day War. The United Nations and many countries do not recognize this claim, with most countries maintaining embassies in Tel Aviv instead.
- ↑ Turkey is generally considered a transcontinental country in Western Asia and Southern Europe; population and area figures are for Asian portion only, excluding all of Istanbul.